Aproximación bibliográfica a los Sistemas de Información Geográfica aplicados a la Ordenación del Territorio y los Recursos Naturales.

Sin resume

The Size of a Graph Without Topological Complete Subgraphs

In this note we show a new upperbound for the function ex(n;TKp), i.e., the maximum number of edges of a graph of order n not containing a subgraph homeomorphic to the complete graph of order p. Further, for ${\left \lceil \frac{2n+5}{3}\right \rceil}\leq p < n$ we provide exact values for this function

Extremal Graphs without Topological Complete Subgraphs

The exact values of the function $ex(n;TK_{p})$ are known for ${\lceil \frac{2n+5}{3}\rceil}\leq p < n$ (see [Cera, Diánez, and Márquez, SIAM J. Discrete Math., 13 (2000), pp. 295--301]), where $ex(n;TK_p)$ is the maximum number of edges of a graph of order n not containing a subgraph homeomorphic to the complete graph of order $p.$ In this paper, for ${\lceil \frac{2n+6}{3} \rceil}\leq p < n - 3,$ we characterize the family of extremal graphs $EX(n;TK_{p}),$ i.e., the family of graphs with n vertices and $ex(n;TK_{p})$ edges not containing a subgraph homeomorphic to the complete graph of order $p.

Alpine tectonic framework of south-western Duero basin

The tectonic activity in the south-western area of the Spanish Northern Meseta (Ciudad Rodrigo and Duero basins) during most of the Tertiary was determined by u transpressive regime that reactivated Hercynian to Late-Hercynian faults. The record of the Alpine Orogeny is complex because the sedimentary record indicates a compresive regime in the sour e areas coeval with the extensionall to transpresive regime indicated by normal or strike-slip faults. This duality is due 10 the geotectonics position of this area between two compressive areas, the Cantabrian Range and the Central System, and the extensional Atlantic margin

North-western Cainozoic record: present knowledge and the correlation problem

Tertiary deposits of the north-western Iberian Peninsula are heterogeneous because they occur in several morpho-structural positions as isolated and dispersed basins and outerops. The quality of the palaeontological record is usually very poor and there are scarce data. Correlation depends on a wide range of criteria which arc not always equivalent: palaeontology, mineralogy and petrology, geomorphology, tectonics and comparison with better-known and better-dated facies in regions nearby. The results lack homogeneity and there arc notable discrepancie

Implementación de un programa de mediación escolar: Análisis de las dificultades percibidas y propuestas de mejora

This research analyzes the implementation of a Mediation Program in a high school in Madrid, taking into consideration the group participants’ perception of the difficulties. During the academic year (2011-2012) meetings and training activities, as well as several focus groups were developed. Once the process was over some difficulties at different levels were observed (lack of involvement, internal and external coordination difficulties, among others aspects). On the other hand, the participants also expressed their satisfaction with the Mediation Program (as it facilitated a better coexistence in their school or the development of personal skills). Furthermore, some participants’ suggestions to improve the Mediation Program are presented. Finally, the necessity of contextualizing these projects within a long term perspective is pointed out. It seems a key factor to be able to prioritize short term objectives, and to consider at least a period of two years for a successful implementation of the program and to carry on with the process in spite of difficulties.La investigación realizada analiza la puesta en marcha de un Equipo de Mediación en un centro de Secundaria de la Comunidad de Madrid, en concreto, la percepción de las dificultades encontradas por los participantes en dicho equipo. Durante un curso académico (2011-2012) se asistió a reuniones internas, actividades de formación y se realizaron grupos de discusión. Se han observado dificultades en diversos niveles (falta de implicación, dificultades de coordinación interna y con otros órganos, etc.), así como alta satisfacción con otros aspectos (posibilidades de mejora de la convivencia o habilidades personales adquiridas). Como conclusiones se presentan las propias sugerencias de mejora del grupo para el próximo curso, y, de cara a la implantación en otros centros, la importancia de la contextualización y la adopción de una perspectiva a largo plazo. Parece determinante que las personas que en él se impliquen sean capaces de priorizar objetivos a corto plazo y tener en mente un periodo mínimo de implementación de dos años, para poder avanzar en el proceso y no desanimarse ante las dificultades

Epidemiología y mantenimiento de la violencia de género en León (Nicaragua)

La violencia de género (VG) es un problema que afecta a la mayoría de las sociedades y aumenta su prevalencia cuando se trata de culturas que se apoyan en el patriarcado. El estudio muestra datos de León (Nicaragua), un país con bajo nivel de desarrollo en el que la VG se transmite desde el ámbito familiar, favoreciendo su tolerancia y normalización. Los resultados reportados por la Comisaría de la Mujer y la Niñez (CMN) describen a las víctimas y las circunstancias relacionadas con el maltrato padecido, sin embargo, el cese de esta institución ha aumentado la vulnerabilidad y la impunidad hacia la VG. Se hace necesario difundir la problemática de un país sobre el que no abunda la literatura científica y reconocer la importante labor llevada a cabo por las profesionales que trabajan por la erradicación de la VG y la protección de las mujeres.Gender violence (GV) is a problem that affects most societies and increases its prevalence when it comes to cultures that rely on patriarchy. The study shows data from León (Nicaragua), a country with a low level of development in which gender violence is transmitted from the family, favoring tolerance and normalization. The results reported by the Commissariat for Women and Children describe the victims and the circumstances related to the mistreatment suffered, however, the cessation of this institution has increased vulnerability and impunity towards gender violence. It is necessary to disseminate the problems of a country about which scientific literature is not abundant and to recognize the important work carried out by the professionals who worked for the eradication of gender violence and the protection of women

Quistes de colédoco, una causa inusual de ictericia en pediatría. Presentación de serie de casos

ResumenIntroducciónLos quistes de la vía biliar o quistes de colédoco (QC) son una patología rara en nuestro medio. La etiología es desconocida, siendo la hipótesis más aceptada las anomalías en la unión biliopancreática.ObjetivoAnalizar los datos clínicos, diagnóstico y tratamiento de una serie de pacientes diagnosticados de QC y realizar una actualización sobre el tema.MetodoSe revisaron retrospectivamente los diagnósticos de QC en 20 años en un hospital terciario.Casos clínicosSe identificaron 4 casos, con predominio del sexo femenino. Rango de edad 16 meses a 4 años. Los signos y síntomas fueron ictericia y coluria (100%), vómitos (75%), dolor abdominal y acolia (50%). Ninguno tuvo masa palpable. La ecografía abdominal orientó el diagnóstico que se confirmó con colangio-resonancia magnética (colangio-RM). Se clasificaron como QC tipo I tres de los casos y uno como tipo IVa. El tratamiento fue quirúrgico, ningún paciente presentó complicaciones hasta la fecha.ConclusionesLos quistes de las vías biliares son de baja prevalencia. El tratamiento de elección es quirúrgico, requiriendo seguimiento estrecho, dado el riesgo de colangiocarcinoma.AbstractIntroductionCysts of the bile duct or choledochal cysts are rare diseases in our area. The aetiology is unknown, with the most accepted hypothesis being a pancreatobiliary maljunction anomaly.ObjectiveTo analyse the clinical data, diagnosis and treatment of a number of patients with choledochal cyst, as well as presenting an update on this condition.MethodA retrospective descriptive study was performed on paediatric patients diagnosed with choledochal cyst in the last 20 years in a tertiary hospital.Case reportsA total of 4 choledochal cyst cases in childhood, predominantly female, are pre- sented. The most frequent reason for consultation was vomiting, and presenting with jaundice and choluria in all cases. Patients with choledochal cyst were classified as type I in 3 cases, and one case of type IVa. In all cases surgical treatment was performed; any patient had complications to date.ConclusionsCysts of the bile ducts have a low prevalence. The treatment of choice is surgical, requiring close monitoring due to the risk of cholangiocarcinoma

R-Loop Mediated Transcription-Associated Recombination in trf4D Mutants Reveals New Links between RNA Surveillance and Genome Integrity

To get further insight into the factors involved in the maintenance of genome integrity we performed a screening of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion strains inducing hyperrecombination. We have identified trf4 , a gene encoding a non- canonical polyA-polymerase involved in RNA surveillance, as a factor that prevents recombination between DNA repeats. We show that trf4 D confers a transcription-associated recombination phenotype that is mediated by the nascent mRNA. In addition, trf4 D also leads to an increase in the mutation frequency. Both genetic instability phenotypes can be suppressed by overexpression of RNase H and are exacerbated by overexpression of the human cytidine deaminase AID. These results suggest that in the absence of Trf4 R-loops accumulate co-transcriptionally increasing the recombination and mutation frequencies. Altogether our data indicate that Trf4 is necessary for both mRNA surveillance and maintenance of genome integrity, serving as a link between RNA and DNA metabolism in S. cerevisia